In the 1930s, there was an excellent radio show called The Shadow that enchanted millions of people, my father included. The Shadow was a serialized detective show, and each week, the announcer would ask in a deep baritone voice:
“Who knows what evil lurks in the hearts of men? The Shadow knows!”
In 1937, the young Orson Wells lent his voice to the radio show and helped to popularize this fighter of evil who was himself a dark and shadowy figure.
The Shadow knew about darkness because he had lived it. It was his territory and his area of expertise. If you were dealing with darkness and trouble, you definitely wanted The Shadow on your side.
I grew up in the 60s, long after The Shadow had ended, but my father loved to repeat the catchphrase in his own rich baritone voice.
When I learned about the Jungian concept of the shadow, I couldn’t help but hear the catchphrase, and you know what? It’s true!
ILLUMINATING THE SHADOW
In a nutshell, Jung’s shadow is the portion of the psyche we’re not aware of – not because it’s mysterious or hidden per se, but because we deny it. The shadow holds our squelched impulses, our unfelt emotions, our unacceptable behaviors, and our unlived dreams. Though many people see the shadow as containing only the “bad” parts of us, the shadow is not as simple-minded as that.
The shadow can also contain our artistic brilliance, our skepticism, our mathematical genius, our liberalism, our spirituality, our financial wizardry, our conservatism, and even our kindness, depending on which of our aspects we deny most ferociously. Each person’s shadow is a completely different animal, though social forces and groups can generate a communal shadow (think of groups that create cohesion by excluding people they see as unacceptable or unworthy).
Robert Bly, in his exquisite book, A Little Book on the Human Shadow, put it this way:
The drama is this. We came as infants ‘trailing clouds of glory,’ arriving from the farthest reaches of the universe, bringing with us appetites well preserved from our mammal inheritance, spontaneities wonderfully preserved from our 150,000 years of tree life, angers well preserved from our 5,000 years of tribal life – in short, with our 360-degree radiance – and we offered this gift to our parents. They didn’t want it. They wanted a nice girl or a nice boy.
This drama continues throughout our lives. First we turn down our radiance and our appetites out of love for our parents. Then we enter into peer relationships and scholastic situations that ask us to repress our emotions, our physical desires, some of our intelligences, and a great deal of our individuality. Eventually, we end up as adults who are conscious of just a tiny slice of that original 360-degree radiance. The rest of our radiance lurks in the shadow world of repressed tendencies and abilities – and more often than not, that dishonored material leaks and strikes out when we’re not looking.
The shadow contains great power, not simply because so much of us is trapped within it, but because it takes tremendous effort to deny what’s inside us. What we repress and ignore becomes dangerous – not because the material is dangerous in itself, but because we take such great pains to banish it from our consciousness.
So we all come into this world with a 360-degree self – which is brave and cowardly, brilliant and stupid, gentle and murderous, caring and selfish, graceful and clumsy, and on into infinity. As we grow, we’re taught to suppress certain parts of ourselves (which is a normal part of our socialization) while we emphasize other parts. Each family, neighborhood, group, school, culture, and country forces a different set of unwanted talents and behaviors into the shadow while shining a welcoming light on the set of talents and behaviors that are acceptable in that environment.
Each of us has a shadow self – a constellation of abilities and behaviors we’ve been taught to suppress. It’s called the shadow because we’re not fully aware of it; however, when we see people who remind us of our shadow, we’re often agitated in some way. Sadly, if we surround ourselves with people whose shadow is similar to ours, that agitation can intensify and become dangerous. In shadow-driven groups, people tend to encourage each other to take extremist positions — positions that are all-too often expressed in hate crimes against decency and humanity, such as polarization, racism, sexism, homophobia, war-mongering, brutality, genocide, ethnic cleansing, and prejudice.
Oh, and internet commenting. Hellzyeah, internet commenting.
HATRED AND THE SHADOW
When you display your intolerance and your hatreds, you’re in the territory of the shadow. Though hating can feel empowering, and it can help you set fierce and jagged boundaries around yourself and your ideas, hatred actually shines a white-hot spotlight on the glaring problems inside you.
Hatred is an intense form of anger, and its presence signals severe boundary-impairment and an almost total loss of your equilibrium. If you nurture and polish your hatred, you can very easily lose your way. I think this is why hatred so often requires group membership. The act of hating is a signal that you’ve exiled huge portions of your humanity to the shadow regions of your psyche. The act of hating requires that you truncate, excise, deny, and banish … and in all truth, it’s an exhausting, self-endangering, and isolating act.
However, if you can find people who share your hatred, you can get some relief. You can be energized by fellow haters, and, as you become emboldened by their sharp noises and harsh rhetoric, you can anesthetize away any sense of isolation or danger you might feel. You can learn to be more intolerant, and you can sharpen your hatred in ways you’d never imagine if you were on your own. You can be wrapped in a warm blanket of extremism and radicalism, where no one will question the ethics or morality of your position. Instead, your position will become the apex and the essence of ethics and morality! And bless your heart, you and your hate-buddies will begin to create an environment and a position that is precisely as bad, and usually worse, than the hated people or ideas that brought you all together in the first place.
We who respect the shadow see the amazing stupidity of hate groups around us every day. For instance, polarized leftists hate the polarized right, and the mutually tedious, endless screaming they delight in means that people in the middle (who aren’t crippled by hatred) get drowned out. And sadly, no one can access the worthwhile ideas trapped at either pole. The vicious hatreds between the right and the left actually ruin the political landscape and make our political lives much stupider and much less effective.
In my book, I call hatred The Profound Mirror, because if you can turn toward your hatred and describe it fully, you won’t see an image of the despised “other.” Instead, you’ll see a perfect reflection of the broken, lost, discarded, and unfinished aspects you’ve denied and exiled. It’s a horrible, awful, and shocking process the first time you do it — the first time you interview your hatred instead of following it like a brainless idiot. But after that first time, you’ll understand why shadow work is one of the most exhilarating and mind-expanding things you can do.
Shadow work even becomes funny after a while, because you’ll start to rile yourself up, and there comes the shadow, holding a mirror to the giant gaping hole in your psyche. You have to laugh, because you have been owned! But the best part of shadow work is that you immediately become less toxic and less likely to allow yourself to be radicalized or molded into an instrument of extremism, violence, prejudice, or polarization (or mean-spirited and reactionary internet commenting). Who knew that hatred could become one of your best friends?
The Shadow knew.
I’ll post more about hatred in a few days. That’ll give you time to read the chapter or get one of these books from your library!
EXCELLENT BOOKS ON SHADOW WORK AND MYTHOLOGY
A Little Book on the Human Shadow by Robert Bly
Meeting Your Shadow: The Hidden Power of the Dark Side of Human Nature, edited by Connie Zweig and Jeremiah Abrams.
Owning Your Own Shadow by Robert Johnson.
Scapegoat Complex: Toward a Mythology of Shadow and Guilt, by Sylvia Brinton Perera (thanks, Terre)
The Essential Jung, edited by Anthony Storr.
The Rag and Bone Shop of the Heart: Poems for Men, edited by Robert Bly, James Hillman, and Michael Meade.
The Water of Life: Initiation and Tempering of the Soul by Michael Meade.
I would like to add a component to the hatred spectrum: scapegoating. Which is like group/familial projection deposited onto one or two persons within the group. (Of course, the worship of actors/singers is the inverse of scapegoating.)
As a culture we despise victims and those who have ben victimized—even denying under “spiritual” guises that there are no such things as victims—part of the way we continue to hold others in contempt and disgust with no room for empathy.
Two books: Scapegoat Complex: Toward a Mythology of Shadow and Guilt by Sylvia Brinton Perera:
http://www.amazon.com/Scapegoat-Complex-Mythology-Psychology-Analysts/dp/0919123228
Also: Stalking the Soul: Emotional Abuse and the Erosion of Identity by Marie-France Hirigoyen:
http://www.amazon.com/Stalking-Soul-Marie-France-Hirigoyen/dp/188558699X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1281811024&sr=1-1
These two books add “group behavior” to shadow exploration.
Hi Karla,
When I went looking for my Robert Johnson books I found them one shelf down and to the right of your books. I came across Robert Johnson about a dozen years ago and was so impressed that I bought just about all of his books that were available at the time. I can’t remember now if I read Shadow so I’ll just have to read this thin book again. I quite often find that the quality of a book is inversely proportional to the number of pages and that especially holds true for the 1000+ page computer books.
Namaste,
Jed
Thanks Terre, I’ve added the scapegoat book to the list! In Meeting Your Shadow, there is a lot of talk about group shadow, for instance, in spiritual groups where everyone is supposed to exile their emotions and their judgment, and whoa! You have NEVER seen anything as wildly judgmental and emotionally dangerous as a spiritual group like this when they have to deal with conflict. They eat their young! But because they’ve exiled judgment and emotions, they can’t SAY that they did, so they twist and turn it into a magical loving experience (that they just ate their young). Being involved with a group like this can make one go quite completely nutz.
Jed, Robert Johnson has such a way with compact books! Have you read He and She? They’re these little jewels of usefulness, and I think they’re 80 pages each. He’s amazing.
[...] know I’m supposed to be posting about hatred right now, but there’s a distinction that needs to be established before we can really go [...]
[...] preparing to talk about hatred, we’ve looked at the shadow, which is the part of us that is suppressed, disowned, or dishonored. The Jungian tradition of [...]
[...] shadow material, because we usually can’t work with it in straightforward ways. (If we could, it wouldn’t be called the shadow, would it?) In fact, most of us project our “good” shadow material onto others just as frequently [...]